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CLI & Scripting with Bash

Beginner·2 branches·34 chapters

Learn how to gain advanced control over the OS and automate complex routine tasks prone to manual errors with the CLI and Bash scripting.

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1

The Command-Line Interface

In this lesson, you will learn about the two programs that compose the command-line interface called terminal emulators and shells.

2

The Anatomy of Commands

In this lesson, you will learn about the syntax and execution lifecycle of shell commands.

3

The Execution Flow of Commands

In this lesson, you will learn how to execute multiple commands at once and how to introduce decision-making logic.

4

The Command Manual

In this lesson, you will learn how to access the documentation pages of shell commands using the `man` and `help` commands.

5

The Command History

In this lesson, you will learn how to browse and search the command history to easily re-run previously executed shell commands.

6

Navigating the Unix Filesystem

In this lesson, you will learn about the hierarchical structure of the Unix filesystem and how to navigate it using the `pwd` and `cd` commands.

7

Listing Files & Directories

In this lesson, you will learn how to list the content of one or more directories using the `ls` command.

8

Generating Dynamic Pathnames

In this lesson, you will learn how to dynamically generate pathnames using shell expansions such as the tilde, wildcards, and braces.

9

Quoting & Escaping Parameters

In this lesson, you will learn how to influence the way command parameters are interpreted and executed by the shell using quotes and backslashes.

10

Creating Files & Directories

In this lesson, you will learn how to create regular files and directories using the `touch` and `mkdir` commands.

11

Moving Files & Directories

In this lesson, you will learn how to move and rename files and directories using the `mv` command.

12

Copying Files & Directories

In this lesson, you will learn how to copy files and directories using the `cp` command.

13

Removing Files & Directories

In this lesson, you will learn how to safely and permanently remove files and directories from the filesystem using the `rm` and `rmdir` commands.

14

Redirecting Input & Output Streams

In this lesson, you will learn about standard streams, file descriptors, and pipes to redirect the input and output streams of commands.

15

Formatting the Output of Commands

In this lesson, you will learn how to format and filter the output of commands based on patterns using the `grep`, `tr`, and `sed` commands.

16

The Vim CLI Text-Editor

In this lesson, you will learn how to create and edit plain text files directly from your terminal using the Vim text editor.

17

The Shell Environment

In this lesson, you will learn how to use environment variables to change the behavior of the shell and programs launched in your shell using the `env` and `export` commands.

18

Managing Software Packages on Linux

In this lesson, you will learn how to download and manage third-party CLI programs on Linux available on the central APT repository on Linux.

19

Managing Software Packages on macOS

In this lesson, you will learn how to download and manage third-party CLI programs on macOS using Homebrew.

20

Managing Foreground & Background Processes

In this lesson, you will learn how to run and control commands as background tasks using the `bg`, `fg`, `jobs`, `ps`, and `kill` commands.

21

Managing User Accounts

In this lesson, you will learn how to create and configure user accounts using the `adduser`, `useradd`, and `chsh` commands.

22

Managing User Groups

In this lesson, you will learn how to create and configure user groups using the `groupadd`, `groupdel`, and `usermod` commands.

23

Managing File Permissions

In this lesson, you will learn how to control the access to files and directories for users and groups with permissions using the `chmod` command.

24

Managing File Ownership

In this lesson, you will learn how to transfer the ownership of files and directories to other users and groups using the `chown` and `chgrp` commands.

25

Scheduling Tasks With Cron

In this lesson, you will learn how to schedule and automate the execution of a command at a given date using the `cron` command

26

The Bash Scripting Language

In this lesson, you will learn how to packages shell commands into reusable and executable text files called Bash scripts.

27

Storing Data With Variables in Bash

In this lesson, you will learn how to store and retrieve data, such as booleans, strings, and numbers, using special container called variables.

28

Working With Strings in Bash

In this lesson, you will learn how to concatenate strings, manipulate substrings, and output formatted strings.

29

Working With Arrays in Bash

In this lesson, you will learn how to access, modify, and extract array elements.

30

Controlling the Execution Flow With Conditions in Bash

In this lesson, you will learn how to control the execution flow of a Bash script based on conditions using the `if`, `else`, `elif`, and `case` control statements.

31

Repeating Instructions With Loops in Bash

In this lesson, you will learn how to repeat the execution of a set of instructions until a certain condition is met using the `for`, `while`, and `until` loops.

32

Reusing Code With Functions in Bash

In this lesson, you will learn how to encapsulate a related set of instructions into a modular, reusable code block called a function.

33

Reading & Processing Input in Bash

In this lesson, you will learn how to read and process data from files and the standard input.

34

Handling Errors & Debugging in Bash

In this lesson, you will learn how to gracefully handle the errors raised by your script, and how to debug and fix it efficiently.

35

The Node.js Runtime Environment

In this lesson, you will learn how JavaScript can be used to write server-side applications running in a terminal window using the Node.js runtime environment.

36

The JavaScript Language Syntax

In this lesson, you will learn about the fundamentals of the JavaScript language syntax and how it is interpreted by Node.js.

37

Storing and Reusing Data With Variables in JavaScript

In this lesson, you will learn about data types and how to store and manipulate data using variables.

38

Controlling the Execution Flow With Conditional Statements in JavaScript

In this lesson, you will learn how to selectively execute a set of instructions based on the boolean evaluation of a condition using the `if`, `else`, and `switch` statements.

39

Combining Conditions in JavaScript

In this lesson, you will learn how to combine multiple conditions to create complex boolean expressions using the logical AND, OR, and NOT operators.

40

Working With Numbers in JavaScript I

In this lesson, you will learn how to write number literals and perform arithmetic operations.

41

Working With Strings in JavaScript I

In this lesson, you will learn how to declare string literals, access and update individual characters, concatenate strings, and interpolate strings.

42

Repeating Instructions With Loops in JavaScript

In this lesson, you will learn how to automatically repeat and control the execution of a set of instructions using the `for` and `while` loops.

43

Reusing Code With Functions in JavaScript

In this lesson, you will learn how to encapsulate a set of instructions into a reusable code component called a function.

44

Advanced Functions in JavaScript

In this lesson, you will learn about recursive, anonymous, lambda, immediately-invoked, higher-order, and pure functions.

45

Keyed Data Structures in JavaScript I

In this lesson, you will learn how to organize and store a collection of related data and functions in the form of key-value pairs using object literals.

46

Working With Numbers in JavaScript II

In this lesson, you will learn how to convert expressions to numbers, modify numbers, and use the Math library.

47

Keyed Data Structures in JavaScript II

In this lesson, you will learn how to selectively destructure and copy the properties and methods of complex objects using the destructuring syntax.

48

The JavaScript Object Notation

In this lesson, you will learn how to write, parse, and stringify data objects using the JavaScript Object Notation.

49

Indexed Data Structures in JavaScript I

In this lesson, you will learn how to organize and store a collection of related data in the form of an ordered list using Arrays.

50

Indexed Data Structures in JavaScript II

In this lesson, you will learn how to destructure, sort, filter, transform, and copy the data contained in Arrays using built-in methods.

51

Working With Strings in JavaScript II

In this lesson, you will learn how to search and replace, extract, and split strings.

52

Matching Patterns With Regular Expressions in JavaScript

In this lesson, you will learn how to match, extract, and modify complex string patterns using Regular Expressions or RegExp.

53

Object-Oriented Programming in JavaScript

In this lesson, you will learn how to create reusable and extendable object blueprints with classes.

54

Throwing & Handling Errors in JavaScript

In this lesson, you will learn how to handle runtime errors thrown by code to prevent your application from crashing and how to create custom error objects.

55

Asynchronous Execution in Node.js

In this lesson, you will learn about the event loop and how to handle the execution of asynchronous code using callbacks, promises and async/await.

56

The CommonJS Module System in Node.js

In this lesson, you will learn how to encapsulate related functionality into modules that can be shared and reused into other parts of a project using the CommonJS syntax.

57

The ECMAScript Module System in Node.js

In this lesson, you will learn how to encapsulate related functionality into modules that can be shared and reused into other parts of a project using the ECMAScript syntax.

58

Manipulating Bytes in Node.js

In this lesson, you will learn how to manipulate bytes using fixed-size array-like structures called Buffers.

59

Handling Asynchronous Events in Node.js

In this lesson, you will learn how to emit and handle asynchronous data events using the `EventEmitter` class.

60

Writing CLI Programs in Node.js

In this lesson, you will learn how to access command-line arguments and environment variables to create command-line programs.

61

Working With Files in Node.js

In this lesson, you will learn how to read, write, copy, and remove files using the fs module.

62

Working With Directories in Node.js

In this lesson, you will learn how to read, create, copy, and remove directories using the fs module.

63

Handling Data Streams in Node.js

In this lesson, you will learn how to efficiently process large amount of data and create complex data flows using streams.

64

The Node Package Manager

In this lesson, you will learn about the ecosystem of the default package manager for Node.js called npm.

65

Searching for Packages on the npm Registry

In this lesson, you will learn how to search for packages on the npm registry using both the npm website and the `npm search` command.

66

Installing & Using npm Packages

In this lesson, you will learn how to install third-party packages from the npm registry and use them in your projects or the command-line interface.

67

Listing Installed npm Packages

In this lesson, you will learn how to list and get information about the installed packages and their dependencies.

68

Updating Installed npm Packages

In this lesson, you will learn how to lock down packages to specific version ranges and safely update them without introducing breaking changes.

69

Removing Installed npm Packages

In this lesson, you will learn how to remove locally and globally installed packages and their dependencies.

70

Automating Common Tasks With npm Scripts

In this lesson, you will learn how to automate the execution of project-related tasks using built-in and custom npm scripts.

71

Publishing Packages on the npm Registry

In this lesson, you will learn how to share your own open-source package with other developers by publishing it to the npm registry.

72

The Git Version Control System

In this lesson, you will learn about version control and how version control systems such as Git can help you manage changes made to source code and configuration over time.

73

The Git Workflow

In this lesson, you will learn how Git tracks and safeguards the changes made to a project's source code and configuration.

74

Navigating & Comparing Commits in Git

In this lesson, you will learn how to review and compare the changes made to the files of a project over time.

75

Removing Uncommitted Files in Git

In this lesson, you will learn how to remove committed files and cleanup your project's directory from untracked files.

76

Restoring, Reverting & Resetting Changes in Git

In this lesson, you will learn how to discard changes made to the working tree and the staging area, and undo commits by rewriting the commit history.

77

Branching & Merging in Git

In this lesson, you will learn how to manage and integrate parallel lines of development for experiments, features, and bug fixes, without affecting the main codebase.

78

Stashing Uncommitted Changes in Git

In this lesson, you will learn how to switch between branches without loosing your uncommitted changes using the stash.

79

Collaborating With Developers on GitHub

In this lesson, you will learn how to create, download, and connect remote Git repositories hosted on the GitHub platform.

80

Pushing & Pulling Commits in Git

In this lesson, you will learn how to upload and download commits to and from a Git repository hosted on a remote server.

81

Making & Reviewing Pull Requests in GitHub

In this lesson, you will learn how to propose changes to a shared codebase and facilitate the review process by creating pull requests.

82

The Gitflow Development Workflow

In this lesson, you will learn a workflow for managing feature development, releases, and hotfixes in a collaborative Git repository.

83

The MySQL Relational Database Management System

In this lesson, you will learn about MySQL, an open-source relational database management system based on the Structured Query Language.

84

The Structured Query Language

In this lesson, you will learn about the SQL programming language used to manage the structure and data of relational databases.

85

Managing Databases in MySQL

In this lesson, you will learn how to create, use, and delete MySQL databases.

86

Retrieving Records From a Table With Queries in MySQL

In this lesson, you will learn how to selectively retrieve data from a table stored in a MySQL database.

87

Grouping and Aggregating Records in MySQL

In this lesson, you will learn how to group data from multiple rows and summarize it into a single result in a MySQL database.

88

Retrieving Records From Multiple Tables With Joins in MySQL

In this lesson, you will learn how to simultaneously retrieve and combine data from multiple tables stored in the same MySQL database.

89

Retrieving Complex Data With Subqueries in MySQL

In this lesson, you will learn how to filter, aggregate, and compare data from multiple tables in a MySQL database using nested queries called subqueries.

90

Inserting, Updating, and Removing Records in MySQL

In this lesson, you will learn how to insert, update, and remove records from a table in a MySQL database.

91

Designing and Managing Tables in MySQL

In this lesson, you will learn how to design, implement, and manage tables and attributes in a MySQL database.

92

Defining Relationships Between Tables in MySQL

In this lesson, you will learn how to create relationships between tables using primary and foreign keys in MySQL.

93

Managing Users & Access Rights in MySQL

In this lesson, you will learn how to create users and roles, and manage the operations they can perform on the MySQL database using privileges.

94

The Sequelize Object-Relational Mapping Tool

In this lesson, you will learn how object-relational mapping tools are used to connect an application to a database.

95

Defining a Model in Sequelize

In this lesson, you will learn how to define and synchronize database table abstractions.

96

Retrieving Records From Tables in Sequelize

In this lesson, you will learn how to selectively retrieve and filter data from a table using model instances.

97

Filtering Records From Tables in Sequelize

In this lesson, you will learn how to filter records using lists, ranges, logical operators, and patterns.

98

Grouping and Aggregating Records in Sequelize

In this lesson, you will learn how to group data from multiple rows and summarize it into a single result.

99

Defining Relationships in Sequelize

In this lesson, you will learn how to create one-to-one and one-to-many associations between models.

100

Retrieving Records From Multiple Tables in Sequelize

In this lesson, you will learn how to query the data of associated models using eager loading and lazy loading.

101

The Fundamentals of Backend

In this lesson, you will learn the general principles of backend development and how the backend interconnects with the frontend.

102

The Internet

In this lesson, you will learn how data is transmitted between computers over the Internet using network packets, protocols, and addresses.

103

Domain Names, Registries & Registrars

In this lesson, you will learn how services such as websites are identified and reached over the Internet.

104

The Client-Server Model

In this lesson, you will learn a type of distributed architecture that allows clients and server to efficiently communicate over a network to exchange data and services.

105

The World Wide Web

In this lesson, you will learn how users can share an access web pages and documents hosted on servers through a subset of the Internet called the World Wide Web.

106

The Hypertext Transfer Protocol

In this lesson, you will learn about a stateless protocol that allows clients and servers to exchange hypermedia documents such as HTML over the network.

107

Web Application Programming Interfaces

In this lesson, you will learn how web APIs enable clients and servers to communicate with each other over networks based on a common list of principles and constraints.

108

The Express.js Web Framework

In this lesson, you will learn about web frameworks and how they help developer build reliable applications faster while reducing their structural overhead.

109

Writing Your First Web Server in Express.js

In this lesson, you will learn the basics of building web servers in Express.js by writing your first "Hello World" application.

110

Routing HTTP Requests in Express.js

In this lesson, you will learn how to implement static and dynamic routes for handling incoming HTTP requests based on their HTTP method and URL.

111

Processing HTTP Requests With Middlewares in Express.js

In this lesson, you will learn how to intercept and transform incoming HTTP requests before they reach the route's controller using middleware functions.

112

Parsing HTTP Requests in Express.js

In this lesson, you will learn how to convert the data contained in the message body of incoming HTTP requests into a format usable by the application using body-parsing middleware functions.

113

Handling Errors in Express.js

In this lesson, you will learn how to prevent your server from crashing by handling both synchronous and asynchronous errors using an error-handling middleware function.

114

Validating the Payload of HTTP Requests in Express.js

In this lesson, you will learn how to ensure that the payloads of incoming HTTP requests respect the API contract using a validation middleware function.

115

Serving Static Files in Express.js

In this lesson, you will learn how to serve static assets, such as HTML files, PDFs, or images on dedicated paths using the built-in `static` middleware.

116

Using Template Engines in Express.js

In this lesson, you will learn how to dynamically generate HTML files on demand using the Mustache template engine.

117

The Fundamentals of Authentication

In this lesson, you will learn how the authentication process is used to restrict and control the access to protected resources and services located on or provided by a web server.

118

The Basic Access Authentication Scheme

In this lesson, you will learn how to secure the access to a protected resource using an encoded username-password pair.

119

The Bearer Token Authentication Scheme

In this lesson, you will learn how to secure the access to a protected resource using a randomly generated access token.

120

JSON Web Tokens

In this lesson, you will learn how to secure the access to a protected resource using an encrypted access token.

121

The Three-Layer Architecture

In this lesson, you will learn the principles and advantages of the three-layer architecture for building robust web APIs in Node.js.

122

Setting Up the Project

In this lesson, you will learn how to set up your application's directory using Git, npm, and ESlint.

123

Creating the Entry Point

In this lesson, you will learn how to create an asynchronous application entry point using an immediately invoked function expression.

124

Creating the Configuration Loader

In this lesson, you will learn how to safely store and use environment variables using a dynamic configuration loader module.

125

Implementing the Router Layer

In this lesson, you will learn how to implement the first application layer responsible for processing and validating incoming requests.

126

Implementing the Service Layer

In this lesson, you will learn how to implement the second application layer responsible for performing application-specific tasks using the parsed data.

127

Implementing the Data Access Layer

In this lesson, you will learn how to implement the third application layer responsible for performing CRUD operations on the database.

128

Centralizing and Handling Exceptions

In this lesson, you will learn how to bubble up, centralize, and handle exceptions using an custom error-handling middleware.

129

Automating Component Testing With Unit tests

In this lesson, you will learn how to automatically test each component of your application with Unit Testing.

130

Writing the API Documentation

In this lesson, you will learn how write a Readme file and and how to serve an API document.